Crush injury can be categorised into 3 areas, which are;
Mechanism or pattern of injury suggesting crush injury, with prolonged entrapment.
Signs of crush injury include;
Reperfusion injuries are common;
ECG Signs of Hyperkalaemia;
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Gibney, R. T. N., Sever, M. S. and Vanholder, R. V. (2014). Disaster Nephrology: crush injury and beyond. Kidney International, 85(5), pp. 1049-1057. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.392
Queensland Ambulance Service (2015). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma/Crush Injury. Retrieved from: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/clinical/cpg/CPG_Crush%20injury.pdf
Genthon, A. and Wilcox, S. R. (2014). Crush Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 46(2), pp 313-319. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.052
Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service (2016). Clinical management Guideline: Crush Syndrome. Retrieved from: http://cdn.esa.act.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/CMG-30-CRUSH-SYNDROME-June -2016.pdf
Walters, T., Powell, D., Penny, A., Stewart, I., Chung, K., Keenan, S. and Shackelford, S. (2016). Management of Crush Syndrome Under Prolonged Field Care. Journal of Special Operations Medicine.
Sever, M. S. and Vanholder, R. (2011). Management of Crush Syndrome Casualties after Disaster. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 2(2). doi: 10.5041RMMJ.10039
Sahjian, M. and Frakes, M. (2007). Crush Injuries: Pathophysiology and Current Treatment. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 29(2), pp. 145-150
Palmer, B. F. and Clegg, D. J. (2017). Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperkalaemia. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(12), pp. 934-942. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.84a.17056
Queensland Ambulance Service (2018). Drug Therapy Protocols: Calcium Gluconate 10%. Retrieved from: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/clinical/dtprotocols/DTP_Calcium%20gluconate.pdf
Queensland Ambulance Service (2016). Drug Therapy Protocols: Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%. Retrieved from: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/clinical/dtprotocols/DTP-Sodium-bicarbonate.pdf
Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service (2016). Clinical management Guideline: Hyperkalaemia. Retrieved from: http://cdn.esa.act.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/CMG-27-HYPERKALAEMIA-June- 2016-top.pdf
Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service (2017). Clinical management Guideline: Calcium Chloride. Retrieved from: http://cdn.esa.act.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/CALCIUM-CHLORIDE-Nov- 2017-left-justified.pdf
Sever, M. S. and Vanholder, R. (2012). Management of Crush Victims in Mass Disasters. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07340712
Kidney Health Australia. (2017). Pre-Budget Submission Federal Budget. Retrieved from: https://kidney.org.au/cms_uploads/docs/kha-pre-budget-submission-2016-2017.pdf
Queensland Ambulance Service (2016). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Medical/Hyperkalaemia. Retrieved from: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/clinical/cpg/CPG_Hyperkalaemia.pdf
North Carolina EMS. (2012) Treatment Protocol: Crush Syndrome Trauma. Retrieved from: https://www.ncems.org/nccepstandards/protocols/88CrushSyndrome.pdf
Abuelo, J. G. (2018). Treatment of Severe Hyperkalaemia: Confronting 4 Fallacies. Kidney International Reports, 3(1), pp 47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.10.001
Guthrie, K. (2018, June 29th). Hyperkalaemia. Retrieved from: https://lifeinthefastlane.com/hyperkalemia/
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